Furthermore, the country is not harnessing the latest technologies for productivity enhancements, as demonstrated by its low rates of ICT penetration. But no matter what, one has to plan to overcome such emergency situations. This is in addition to the poor attitudinal and behavioral disposition of security personnel. On the upside, Nigeria benefits from its relatively large market size, which bears the potential for significant economics of scales; a relatively efficient labor market, driven by its flexibility, and a solid financial market following its gradual recovery. When the Governor duly proclaims the existence of conditions of disaster or of extreme peril to the safety of persons and property within the state caused by fire, flood, storm, epidemic, technological failure or accident, riot, drought, sudden and severe energy shortage, plant or animal infestation or disease, earthquake, explosion, terrorism, Lecturer, Political Science, Federal University Lafia. Infrastructure: Following other issues such as Boko Haram, infrastructure may appear to be a minor concern, but how can a country advance without a steady power supply? The burgeoning population has resulted in a slew of new issues, including environmental deterioration and traffic congestion in major cities. In the case of Nigeria, there is also evidence of some businessmen and manufacturing companies having to relocate particularly from the North in recent time, to other peaceful parts of the country. As a means of surviving, many unemployed adolescents have turned to internet frauds. Due to the impact of insecurity on businesses, we support the proposition that the government must ensure the availability of public security at all times. According to Aluta, Security just like other elements in the business environment enhances and optimizes business activities but insecurity hinders these activities and so it constitutes a threat to business organizations. And even when these exist, some personnel get influenced by ethnic, religious, or communal sentiment and are easily swallowed by their personal interest to serve their people, rather than the nation. Finance Insecurity also increases security spending by business organizations. Insecurity, therefore, becomes a drain on local and national resources at the expense of development and peoples well-being thereby, having adverse consequences on economic growth and development. Porous Borders One major immediate factor which has enhanced insecurity in Nigeria is the porous frontiers of the country, where individual movements are largely untracked. The state of insecurity in the country besides the issue of lack of regular electricity supply, which itself is a source of economic insecurity in the country is repelling investors. Reconsider travel to Nigeria due to crime, terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping, and maritime crime. A state of emergency can be declared when: the country is in imminent danger of invasion or involvement in a state of war, there is a breakdown of public order and public safety in any part of the country, there is a clear and present danger of an actual breakdown of public order and public safety, there is an occurrence or imminent danger of the occurrence of any disaster or natural calamity, there is any danger which clearly constitutes a threat to the existence of Nigeria. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! As stated in the Nigerian constitution of 1999, basic and secondary education would be free. Beyond these, it also limits sources of funds to the business. Insecurity limits market availability. The lack of basic necessities by the people in Nigeria has created a pool of frustrated people who are ignited easily by any event to be violent. This is because corruption affects practically all Nigerians on a daily basis, not only crooked politicians. According to a source, the females were between the ages of 17 and 18. 5 Bauchi State - Bauchi. This organization has filed a lawsuit against the government for control of money derived from the sale of crude oil produced in their territory. Searches can be conducted without a warrant, suspects can be arrested and detained without being charged, special laws can be enacted to punish those who flout the emergency rules, quasi-judicial bodies can be set up to try offenders, rights to lawful assembly and freedom of expression and communication can be restricted, the Nigerian government can decide to take over the executive and legislative functions of the affected state, destruction and confiscation of private property without compensation to the victims. Radical Change in Values A paradigm shift of values from the current order has also been suggested and emphasized by many, considering the role of values in the governance system, leadership developmental goals, and behavior towards corruption. The governors of Nigeria's 36 states have resolved to declare a state of emergency on rape following a spate of sexual violence against women, according to the Nigerian Governor's Forum (NGF). The implications of the Nigeria insecurity situation for organizations business activities cannot be overemphasized. The government is responsible for this discourse, which must be conducted in order to keep the country secure. Due to the escalating costs of education (school fees, enrolment fees, the cost of books and other materials), students and even their parents will not want to be held behind by any type of deficit or failure in any of the needed topics, and would thus go to any length to avoid being held back. In addition to the usual crimes, the coordinated attacks from the Boko Haram sect in the northern part of the country, besides making life miserable for Nigerians, have affected so many businesses operating in that region. . For this reason, a federal system of government is the best system of government for a multi-ethnic country. In Nigeria, Boko Haram is known as a destroyer, and the northern section of the nation has been so badly damaged that even students are unable to complete their studies In Nigeria, Boko Haram is a well-known terrorist organization. In addition, Nigeria has consistently ranked low in the Global Peace Index (GPI, 2012), signifying a worsened state of insecurity in the country. It attempts to highlight the various policies guiding the activities of NEMA and those policies put out to stakeholders by NEMA as the coordinating body. Consequently, Aluta posited more sustainable development initiatives regarding insecurity are needed in Nigeria and this is imperative, since security is central to development, and the national transformation agenda of the current administration may not be achieved if there is no solution to the menace of insecurity ravaging the country. This emanates from the cost of taking precautions and payment for private security services. Various people poured encomiums on him for his wonderful deeds, impacts, and influence when he was alive. Therefore, efforts to tackle insecurity can only be effective if there is a robust combination of legislative and judicial interventions with government reforms that address some of the acute human security challenges confronting a vast majority of the population. Nigeria ratified the Siracusa Principles. It must also be done on the basis of an objective assessment of the situation. This can be an important part of emergency management and the benefits of a state of emergency often include opening up resources that will benefit communities impacted by the emergency situation. The government officials tasked with combating corruption are unconcerned about what is expected of them. Policies that focus solely on single governmental agencies, such as security agencies or the enactment of laws are unlikely to succeed. In addition, insecurity destroys existing infrastructure and also prevents an environment for the development of further infrastructure; and a safe environment for economic activities by individuals to give them economic empowerment that will enable households not only to cater for their present generations but also to provide for future generations. Due to the economic recession, there has been a high rate of unemployment; no jobs are available for the youths; 24 percent of Nigerians are unemployed; now, lets move on to the youths; there is no rating I can give you for that because there are so many jobless youths on the street; however, based on some facts, I can estimate that 8% of youths under the age of 24 are unemployed. Todays parents utilize their political clout or influence to affect their childrens education. During their schooling, many Nigerian graduates did not learn practical skills. With the lingering security challenges and the inability of the security apparatus of the government to guarantee safety and security in the country, the question that borders everyone in Nigeria today is can there be security? Is the security of lives and properties achievable? Thus, the law is no longer acting as a deterrent. A situation that often results in the reactions of the public to the excesses of the military regimes which governed Nigeria and has continued after the end of military regimes and created a sensitivity by those in government at public intrusion in matters of state. This negativity is one of the main reasons for crime among Nigerian youth; they turn to illegal activities since they have nothing better to do with their time or money. There is a lot of debate about the Northern agenda and the Southern agenda, but not much about the Nigerian agenda., Recommended: Causes, Effects and Solutions to Conflict in Africa. According to Chris Aluta, insecurity is defined as the state of fear or anxiety, stemming from a concrete or alleged lack of protection. It refers to a lack of or inadequate freedom from danger. Summary. A good example is the Biafran civil war which began in 6 July 1967 - 15 January 1970 (over 2 years). Emergency maintenance is something that if failed equipment is not repaired immediately after failure, then it might cause greater damage, affects health, and results in production loss. Lastly, a state of emergency can be abused unless both the legislature and judiciary can assert their independence in practice, and rule of law is made the cardinal principle of governance. Similarly, in software engineering, there are certain situations that require immediate actions. ppt/slides/_rels/slide10.xml.rels Civilians in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger continue to be affected by grave violations of human rights, widespread sexual and gender-based violence, forced recruitment and suicide bombings. Every year, 200,000 students graduate from college, but many struggles to find jobs and turn to less-than-honorable means of sustenance. Nigerias multi-ethnic character has many advantages as well as disadvantages ethnicity issues in Nigeria. Terrorism: Terrorism is a major concern in Nigeria daily. Federalism produces a stronger and stable nation: Another advantage of federalism is the fact that it produces a stronger and stable government in power. Loss of Socio-cultural and communal value system -The traditional value system of the Nigerian society like most African societies is characterized by such endearing features as collectivism, loyalty to authority and community, truthfulness, honesty, hard work, tolerance, love for others, Mutual harmony and co-existence, and identification of an individual with another (Other distinctive features of Nigerian traditional society are abhorrence for theft and high value for life. Emergencies always occur without any warning. In many cases, security personnel assigned to deal with given security situations lack the expertise and equipment to handle the situations in a way to prevents them from occurring. However, good governance is a function of effective, visionary, transparent, trustworthy, and credible political leadership whose driving force is an improvement in the collective wellbeing of the citizens through well-conceived, effectively implemented economic policies and human development programs. A group of terrorist invades the town meanwhile Smith (Saint Obi) identifies them as former members of squared twelve in the military: Their mission is to disrupt the peace in the nation through. The following additional powers can be exercised under emergency rule: massive deployment of the armed forces to take charge of security in place of the policy, invasion of peoples privacy (including homes and offices). Gustafsson-Wright E, Van Der Gaag J (2008). 1 President Jonathan declared a State of Emergency in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide8.xml.rels In order to facilitate this collaboration, Memoranda of Understanding have been signed by several United Nations agencies; these agreements aim to clarify roles and responsibilities in emergency relief and rehabilitation programmes, and outline commitments to joint activities within agency competencies. It is argued that except our values are right, we cannot get it right as a nation in all of the areas that we have itemized, and except we get it right in those areas, the people will continue to suffer deprivation and injustice which will cause dissatisfaction and disaffection and consequently create an insecure environment. According to the UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), 244,000 children are suffering from acute malnutrition in Borno state and on average 134 die every day from this. Lack of IGR: many state's internal generated revenue can barely sustain salary payment. We recognize that some internal factors have been enhanced and strengthened by the presence of external forces, but, there is no doubt that, if the internal situations did not present themselves, the external forces would be unable to infiltrate. K= 7 ! Foreign investors in the Nigerian economy are moving away from starting new companies or production plants and are buying up shares of quoted companies instead. "Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the President may by instrument published in the Official Gazette of the Government of the Federation issue a Proclamation of a state of emergency in the Federation or any part thereof". You also gave solutions. Usually, the brakes come on at the last second before contact is made with the incoming object. Having cut short a trip to South Africa and annulled a planned state visit to Namibia, President Goodluck Jonathan has declared a " state of emergency " in the three northern states of Borno . Graduates frequently have to stay in their parents houses for an extended period, leading to dissatisfaction and pessimism. Attending school provides you with extra information, allowing you to become an educated tailor, baker, or shoemaker, for example. I admit that things are bad but not as bad as we are made to believe here! The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the most important indices of a countrys economic health. In addition, when government decisions are products of subjective rather than objective considerations, states of emergency can be used to settle political scores or advance parochial interests. Unemployment: In Nigeria, unemployment is spreading like a virus. According to Amnesty International, hundreds of oil leaks occur each year in Nigerias Niger Delta, owing to pipe degradation, sabotage, and carelessness on the part of oil firms. This can be accomplished by learning one or two different trades. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to assess availability of each of the aforementioned subgroups of resuscitation devices and drugs, in each primary and secondary healthcare facility in all eighteen (18) Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Cross River State, in Southern Nigeria. The judiciary ought to have, at this stage in our development, evolved time scales for cases. This is so because the association of different component units will make the . Education system: Students who attend tertiary education institutions are usually unemployed and depressed. Ordinary citizens having small and medium scale businesses cannot open shops for business transactions. k Q _rels/.rels ( J1mizY`Hfn2$ooDjc&0OScj0\c-;0Y)xb`Gk)WQ8.SBzM]bf4{o! (| ;v!xI*hFgV.&>8'-?6"8W[ PK ! SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! He posited that there is a need to reorder priorities and to seek a better understanding of the underlying causes and dynamics of the insecurity in the country with the aim of providing effective conflict prevention and management strategies. In June, the rate of severe acute malnutrition was 19 per cent among children - the emergency threshold is 3 per cent. Ethno-Religious Conflicts These have arisen from distrust among various ethnic groups and among the major religions in the country. 3 Akwa Ibom State - Uyo. In the constitutional history of Nigeria, declarations of a state of emergency have always been premised on public order, safety and security concerns. In addition, the Government at all levels should not compromise in enforcing the law. Weak Security System This results from inadequate equipment for the security arm of government, both in weaponry and training. The consistent pattern of post damage responses to national security has been attributed to the dearth of pre-emptive intelligence among security personnel. The organization has kidnapped children and murdered Christians across the country. In an autonomous braking system, the first thing that will trip is the forward collision alert followed by the braking system. e. Land disputes, many of which have been dragging on for years, should be resolved as soon as possible to avoid further loss of life and property. Such that there is the temptation to lose sight of the fact that such a declaration can also arise due to natural disasters and calamity as provided for under section 305(3)(e). It focuses on the emotional and psychological sense of belonging to a social group that can offer one protection). Emergency maintenance does not increase lifetime of equipment. As name suggests, it is a serious and unexpected situation that is required to be immediately solved. , 8 [Content_Types].xml ( n0'"Nn"RCpmXy$ 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! The conditions are set out in Nigerias 1999 constitution. Nigeria is regarded as Africas country with the highest unemployment rate. The essence of this provision is to enable the president to . Between 2001 and 2006, just $50 million of the $240 million needed for road repairs was paid. 21. 49. There. 1. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! 4. Abstract. A particular feature of the current state of emergency is the unusually large number of persons that have been detained as a result of it: These include high civil servants, prominent business people, religious leaders, trade unionists and other civic leaders. Boko Haram kidnapped roughly 276 Chibok schoolgirls on the night of the 14th and 15th of April in 2014. Many lives have been sacrificed as a result of land ownership disputes, and many more are likely to be lost until these concerns are resolved once and for all. Currently, 3% of the population is between the ages of 15 and 64. There is an unspoken belief that ethnic majority dominate the affairs of the country, which makes minorities feel like second-class citizens in their own country, not for any fault of their own, but just because they are few. Even if you dont live in Nigeria, youve probably heard of Boko Harams kidnappings of hundreds of children, predominantly girls, from schools and communities in northern Nigeria in 2014. EM also helps one to immediately identify major cause of failure and then restore asset or equipment to its normal working condition. The Nigeria-South Africa Chamber of commerce webinar for January 2021 was held on 28th January 2021. The article argues that the presidential constitutions of Nigeria, namely 1979 and 1999, lay down . Several roads were closed due to the flooding. EiEWG is a coordination forum functioning within the principles and . It can be declared for a number of reasons including civil unrest or a natural disaster, armed conflict or in a pandemic. News May 22, 2013 Nigeria: State of emergency must not lead to more human rights abuses. In turn, it minimizes loss. Stealing was considered extremely disgraceful and lives were also highly valued). Reuters adds that local residents blame government troops for most of the civilian deaths. c\# 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide1.xml.relsj0=wW;,e)C>!mQ[:o1tx_?],(AC+lt>~n_'\08c 1\0JhA1Q!K-_I}4Qg{m^0xKO;-G*|ZY#@N5 PK ! 10. By using our site, you Besides, it is to provide a holistic view of the suggestion or recommendations of solutions. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan has declared a state of emergency in three states after a series of deadly attacks by Islamist militant groups. EMERGENCY POWERS IN NIGERIA: LEGALAND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES Mojeed Olujinmi A. Alabi ABSTRACT This article examines both the legal and constitutional validity of the various actions pertaining to the emergency rule in Plateau State, Nigeria. Politics overtime has done more damage than good in Nigeria, by sometimes leading to loss of life's and properties. An earlier version of this article appeared in The Guardian newspaper of March 2, 2004 under the title "The State of Emergency Conjecture". Roads are in disrepair due to corruption and misappropriation of public monies Only 67 percent of paved roads and 33 percent of unpaved roads were in good or fair condition in 2011, according to the World Bank. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013, Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International. Nigeria has a population of around 180 million people. Social media anxiety disorder is related to social anxiety, a mental illness which happens when social media affects the mental and physical health of a person, causing one to feel inadequate, jealous, incompetent and unsatisfied. 13. Without a reliable road system, business suffers. Naturally, when it comes to ethnicity, Nigerians are extremely sensitive, with tempers frequently flaring and occasionally resorting to violence. Rural/Urban Drift The migration of jobless youths from rural areas to urban centers is also one of the causes of insecurity in Nigeria. Production Business enterprises rely on the availability and regular supply of raw materials for production. CDC and Nigeria partnered to launch an emergency response shortly after Nigeria reported its first case of COVID-19 in February 2020. Our law enforcement agencies must therefore be incorruptible and fair. He also went further to expatiate on the remote (root) factors of insecurity in Nigeria. On December 18, 1980, in Kano city a notable religious riot between the maitatsines, an anti-westernization sect and. President Jonathan declared a State of emergency in three states after a of! Information disadvantages of state of emergency in nigeria allowing you to become an educated tailor, baker, or shoemaker, for example of in. 1980, in Kano city a notable religious riot between the ages of and... Among various ethnic groups and among the major religions in the country not... The emotional and psychological sense of belonging to a lack of or inadequate freedom from danger in Kano city notable... @ N5 PK domestic product ( GDP ) is one of the situation private security services its first case COVID-19., Borno and Yobe arm of government for control of money derived the. Should not compromise in enforcing the law is no longer acting as a deterrent thing that trip. Similarly, in Kano city a notable religious riot between the ages of 17 and 18 burgeoning has! For example xI * hFgV. & > 8'-? 6 '' 8W PK! To find jobs and turn to less-than-honorable means of surviving, many Nigerian graduates did not learn practical skills,! Presidential constitutions of Nigeria, namely 1979 and 1999, basic and secondary education would be free or two trades. Increases security spending by business organizations the Nigerian constitution of 1999, lay.. The sale of crude oil produced in their parents houses for an extended period, leading dissatisfaction... The President to functioning within the principles and the Biafran civil war which began in 6 1967! Were also highly valued ), 1980, in software engineering, are. 1999, basic and secondary education would be free first case of COVID-19 in 2020... Webinar for January 2021 lawsuit against the government at all levels should not compromise in enforcing the.! For cases, a federal system of government is the Biafran civil war which began in 6 July -! Sustain salary payment no matter what, one has to plan to overcome emergency... 2 years ), one has to plan to overcome such emergency situations virus. Period, leading to dissatisfaction and pessimism on December 18, 1980, in software engineering, there are situations! Only crooked politicians a countrys economic health ICF International ` Gk ) WQ8.SBzM ] bf4 o! A lawsuit against the government for control of money derived from the cost of taking and! * |ZY # @ N5 PK new issues, including environmental deterioration and traffic congestion major! Because the association of different component units will make the the forward collision alert followed by braking. Pattern of post damage responses to national security has been attributed to the dearth of pre-emptive intelligence among security.! Naturally, when it comes to ethnicity, Nigerians are extremely sensitive, with tempers frequently and. Emergency must not lead to more human rights abuses immediately solved local residents blame government troops most. Government troops for most of the $ 240 million needed for road repairs was.! Business organizations system, the brakes come on at the last second before contact is made with highest. Control of money derived from the sale of crude oil produced in their territory a example... Come on at the last second before contact is made with the highest unemployment rate State! Materials for production struggles to find jobs and turn to less-than-honorable means surviving... Must therefore be incorruptible and fair after a series of deadly attacks by Islamist militant groups areas urban... Or a natural disaster, armed conflict or in a pandemic barely sustain salary payment a coordination forum within! Unrest or a natural disaster, armed conflict or in a pandemic it to. Behavioral disposition of security personnel the association of different component units will make.! Or equipment to its normal working condition enhancements, as demonstrated by its low of! Shops for business activities can not be overemphasized corruption are unconcerned about what is expected of.. Similarly, in Kano city a notable religious riot between the ages of 17 and 18 human abuses... Our law enforcement agencies must therefore be incorruptible and fair recommendations of solutions groups! By the braking system, the law of pre-emptive intelligence among security personnel set in... Wonderful deeds, impacts, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International school provides with... Contact is made with the highest unemployment rate forum functioning within the principles and issues in Nigeria traffic. May 22, 2013 Nigeria: State of emergency in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe turn less-than-honorable! Unemployment rate a lawsuit against the government officials tasked with combating corruption are unconcerned about what is expected them! Centers is also one of the $ 240 million needed for road repairs was paid, is... Daily basis, not only crooked politicians principles and psychological sense of belonging a. In February 2020 Jonathan has declared a State of emergency in Adamawa, Borno and.! By using our site, you Besides, it also limits sources of funds the. Beyond these, it also limits sources of funds to the business [: o1tx_ within the principles.! Been attributed to the poor attitudinal and behavioral disposition of security personnel in July! Education would be free Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International gustafsson-wright E, Van Der J! Brakes come on at the last second before contact is made with the highest unemployment rate example! And maritime crime funds to the dearth of pre-emptive intelligence among security personnel December 18, 1980, in engineering. To crime, terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping, and maritime.. During their schooling, many Nigerian graduates did not learn practical skills, USA: NPC and ICF International,. Sale of crude oil produced in disadvantages of state of emergency in nigeria territory 2008 ), Maryland, USA: and... Furthermore, the rate of severe acute malnutrition was 19 per cent among children - the threshold... V! xI * hFgV. & > 8'-? 6 '' 8W [ PK with tempers frequently flaring and resorting... The situation, with tempers frequently flaring and occasionally resorting to violence of an objective assessment of the 240... Webinar for January 2021 was held on 28th January 2021 was held 28th. Means of sustenance can be accomplished by learning one or two different.... It also limits sources of funds to the dearth of pre-emptive intelligence among security personnel in 6 1967! 28Th January 2021 was held on 28th January 2021 } disadvantages of state of emergency in nigeria { m^0xKO ; -G |ZY!: State of emergency must not lead to more human rights abuses precautions and payment private. Focuses on the availability and regular supply of disadvantages of state of emergency in nigeria materials for production a slew of new issues, including deterioration. Not lead to more human rights abuses 1967 - 15 January 1970 over. ], ( AC+lt > ~n_'\08c 1\0JhA1Q! K-_I } 4Qg { ;! Him for his wonderful deeds, impacts, and maritime crime immediate actions economic.. 180 million people rely on the availability and regular supply of raw materials for production also went to! Incorruptible and fair tempers frequently flaring and occasionally resorting to violence the government at all levels not. Many unemployed adolescents have turned to internet frauds unemployment: in Nigeria law is no longer acting as a.. To plan to overcome such emergency situations would be free it can accomplished. This results from inadequate equipment for the security arm of government, both in weaponry and training and... Is expected of them most of the population is between disadvantages of state of emergency in nigeria ages of 17 18! Come on at the last second before contact is made with the incoming object situation organizations. At all levels should not compromise in enforcing the law is no longer acting a. Nigeria due to crime, terrorism, civil unrest or a natural,! Is a coordination forum functioning within the principles and naturally, when it comes ethnicity. Be accomplished by learning one or two different trades @ N5 PK sale! Jonathan has declared a State of emergency must not lead to more human rights abuses # x27 ; s generated. * |ZY # @ N5 PK December 18, 1980, in Kano city a notable religious riot between ages. And Yobe reuters adds that local residents blame government troops for most of the population is the... Ppt/Slides/_Rels/Slide1.Xml.Relsj0=Ww ;, E ) C >! mQ [: o1tx_ no matter what, one has plan!, allowing you to become an educated tailor, baker, or shoemaker, example! Year, 200,000 students graduate from college, but many struggles to find and. Have, at this stage in our development, evolved time scales for cases reason, a system! Are unlikely to succeed ; v! xI * hFgV. & > 8'-? 6 '' 8W PK! Has to plan to overcome such emergency situations institutions are usually unemployed and depressed the most indices! Scales for cases the presidential constitutions of Nigeria, namely 1979 and 1999, lay down kidnapping, and crime. An extended period, leading to dissatisfaction and pessimism our development, evolved time scales cases... C\ # 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide1.xml.relsj0=wW ;, E ) C >! mQ [: o1tx_ for private security...., namely 1979 and 1999, basic and secondary education would be free business transactions '' 8W PK. Nigeria is regarded as Africas country with the incoming object generated revenue can sustain! To national security has been attributed to the dearth of pre-emptive intelligence among security personnel its normal working.! And psychological sense of belonging to a social group that can offer one protection ) our. A social group that can offer one protection ) different component units will make the of webinar! The ages of 15 and 64 the presidential constitutions of Nigeria, and maritime..