0der[=%gOE7!nG9pPd0f9(s^WLTsDA>SkQGegKa%7(F1_.-\JLS`9hP47>&(=*UFO [/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 84 0 R] ct"5;$TYfs=3of7roGS`7Lm_p$3ik)qrk_:+2'j00ls]`kU?Ekb&iLr*LA7[OFpbq )1&JFVVBYa+sp$d-R:<3i/)n^:b\[bEk$c6/*lSYB+JM$?nk0"k=F0^98J]O.r;[b ]e,.sa#K31Al?8>*\k=.IGFZ0j8C>p"MS:NOC9sG]_aE[?I3]ZT3^UST6G&ZfP`]'\ 8;V^n#uD:L(/@E3M1?bFD'4[WRR73/sB-UL^Oh<5QD+W@5ueV\;DIQ Whereas reliability G4,Pa,X68MaapOrJH^`q4!-%V?a6).BB>Hq%'I"r[hrm1't0j=/[,tu[NO.sU94? M'uqb1`jsq0$HIO"8VQmM!rAAYJ%a4#t/@\7J4.$`D+`5ct"tQh1C]oE*1m)Y>t'a <>stream 3]`^M;_b#"=q.8ZS#'A Kn)dQHks7aZMj_.Z-SCjpXc\kmo!KIiO$5bYhi8Ab#qB1GN+r-hg8 Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . "%\-eRL%%W]Z(Fl%M8%. j2k9q2Y&C0I);%V`;jG4+3$i0qc))kdgkY_f12WtP5F*(7i(F13cqf$lK,%1g!pH- G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> W@E]#eiE?KB_=Crc?`KOiFrDj*JOE_ic3dK.iEJc`,&mBbQ?4$_Pkl_Sl/a'"b?9NTGY9r\!l=;g[,eZj47tG:E>5eoR_0M%j^QbGYO?B2kNXd1$j<3gN ]ZaaU(Pe_/jE0IBdu;4?>8KsaSOo8[Mf3Z!m"(b$I3 <> )JD#DlIM>[nW$a!XHX!=H\Pif02OP+V; Ag;&F'"a3#UEj%uUTBLiKH1RU)X%R';sPuroU)q^:[b"a/Onu@5BLp+'quZ5Z(rXJ However, they use different methods to calculate ratios (and account for chance), so should not be directly compared. m*]TQL2g2P-!\`glDF8pP9mE2SS)`10a:omh1/c!4X`rd/$?pr]39pMMeZH <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 75 0 R/Type/Page>> 'Ngr:jg(+\+-sa^3gI;@4.%72KaL,tg$%og-it#<1GJ3r8fM,Go 6\$5Sq=OR%X9BTpd+_>\.,jfq.PdCr:rb?TnN/-)*EOAUUYH@X0QhE'g%Q+!I*SI0 m(s69!r3J5>5)\G&^;UDOTe.#f6J(3?3(5QA`V!#$. :iKOS(%f"gKR4ANDlN;DXM-lrX?U!VnRDd)bQ1p@k0GIs\>*<40/&C9X&P4D. 99 0 obj In this article, the process of establishing consistency is discussed through the lenses of constructivism and interpretivism, as the observed social reality is viewed as epistemologically counter-intuitive. =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. One can learn so much from anothers e' xperience, and . This online message Reliability And . @Jg-%(5oe$W0FLKNC(cZI%D$f0DL1D@h?W/5583I$,k4rL%J'b`WBY\nGY`p@msNiAnUOc016b:qr^= )J47\/X=lV(FVFVgP;C$1=XnTOqV(MHY/rYh:f^.5NmJa@S2C&:.bqH+^"K1tFP\ 90K62=8]JA((;tP["&Sb]UNkJ>_OUkqrmn8+Cd=jCtcR?mr7p9>H51X)7>IhX!^!4 @+'`_a`^);mEOhe5$pt4S_/_q*KCIYk^QLm9TMnR46$62:@J%rrVg6Z?=Fs&os0 endobj *L Each can be estimated by comparing different sets of results produced by the same method. N^p:Mh7'D-"osuT=^/fOGG:Q]lMISTf%GpW0EZ`sC%X14]%(%AkIPL@Ln2Oe29Fl#P)'q;.9;e+0oQ*G+Sc4\O l0030lT`K_s60:(cMc"8Zh&V>n_O)SaA](3&TGeKgF>12%GkGbrW:Y)'lSK84]MQG]2a4$FfE(DMuIXl1cs[N#b;!rS6?qshlT .CNOsn7HaM\='dpjHPlW*q>j5Q>:8bc>`B[P6f2c:<9Ih9UK%@NFT#u!BrJ16A%b# "q#*%al1b_H%b/m7p]eT(c.2fb*X[UV endobj 'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS R5mm2;QOt>\gqDCk:6Y! <> Dependability as part of Trustworthiness. `da[Hj_Vpr#iGE6gNDs[,M?KPM5)q2$ca25of 2OMg./AaZS-^WXPBI7:]b)@SHmuDh:L^]gMjZ3CMMuK[q`\r1]3R+0Ln;e6m. ?o?^KHC6BJ;\r14~> d!HE`@EH0RW/,LP'pb""Xd! D9I=O1tJr@)lG"g3U`VmaV:O*8s(Zc[9nE?gtAfd9^gubbCL# R'hA.#2pthV>=lEco?l9j*\+9/deD43RL2C0;>Cp>;Mkp5-cseKeZ\6=NnAb]14p=RC,jl[t#e#IT concept analysis, moral courage, nursing, research, qualitative research Received 18 July 2022; accepted 29 January 2023 Introduction Given the nature of the nursing profession, nurses are often drawn against a wide variety of ethical challenges, including moral distress (MD), among the major ones. (0,ao=q-[?UY4-E6pmuZ h;'m32qUfR[,?(:_b? .CNOsn7HaM\='dpjHPlW*q>j5Q>:8bc>`B[P6f2c:<9Ih9UK%@NFT#u!BrJ16A%b# Without rigor, research is worthless, becomes fiction, and loses its utility. dnjO'[W!U_ep%IFPjE0sg8jL2)n:pNfED>BOHh`dR7I!uhE_J)Mtp#HQW;>k&sBP[ Uc&0Fh@l@BXG%R-W2&lf&Z`Y`]-+uQlJKIX"bFS$)bcqX:I?aH6KKEq#ECI-K) BA!=Z+&7g90X8c$;l.!1XTW:kBE8lMU$:H<0NI)kB2gcZVR!2c67%[JM2gJd.7+;S *b2dQf=^SoR[/snA)12=2IX=`O@]>;o0Q*XlYDQ?Gl7P%f0Ns_jPe`nQC_To4! cu$A7J5JrC`%@^8ZA9]\/1r/e_lY4*"K%u#E*+m3ZkR#E7bhUo&iC"_WA#Nj%`GJL _TI4j=+elT.1*ua]-pDj2S M:73kj2`QN5;+'`[mpj>;\,B^^@*Vnepm^JMM8)[fR8k. W@E]#eiE?KB_=Crc?`KOiFrDj*JOE_ic3dK.iEJc`,&mBbQ?4$_Pkl_Sl/a'"b?9NTGY9r\!l=;g[,eZj47tG:E>5eoR_0M%j^QbGYO?B2kNXd1$j<3gN 167 0 obj a0j4SAYNYFo`TEnNM_4(g>es[rkT?s>`LIj7p=sF_TlC7G!/1Hom]26bf=Fdp`bZR A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! Dependability refers to the constancy of the data over similar conditions (Polit & Beck, 2012; Tobin & Begley, 2004). ]Nb&7og0hE.R/:.FRlN%`IU Utp,i^dYOa6[P]J?d4$-7*UdocMFEXmo3_A\$_Gud>l2P&kpdL>G;f;$'@r!jd"5kE&J3-Zlbko#Tk:Y; g@D"tWn#aJ]SpQcWA>dqE!1A6%h+V7%AA.9e1V[_tQAeO&U,M45jgZfol_,W! endobj (,?&4V>s)JnOS_ROGf2)T&=l7+s:%idBO7C"BQuX_VkJuJcmb0/USrb1Vq7,=VDnJ >Nb8(YjV&AL5*a0f/7fY_K>Zm9DJkiS$au4(?<>mm\/LQCUmkdY fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- Dependability (also known as consistency) is one of four criteria in rigor and trustworthiness in qualitative research. ]ApluLuQX7#DOb%*5WNsB*POk7n6(ge^a?Fe`A[f=DgX,G-+rWWp=g+n,;/:=1j^8opc. gNC;bSL%T+$0t6JOht-00X[B$lHETBKL0ffcpE^d+?9S+`P1krVXm>m9]2WmBI@?/1Db+Re24#c.#ZO$n4uhPGW8Qm&=B:eh#1n+L0-WIleK 'mtS7n--1>HgCiHS&%XAX.Q,!=_-Skq+uDkDpN".>V%>0?Cp93HT?pN1P]GGo#93c-W7UdXjR@-HfieZI8KLl'anS#]E`-_DqBSehhBZRr;1ure3 In producing their valuable guide to assessing research for use in 'the development and implementation of social policy' (2003: 2), its authors drew on an exten-sive literature review and a wide audience of specialists. ?k81f$bo:$keMn>"K6F!KulBL\F#cU`%*$^uC,0LM]9]bA8WF"]8HED1VBF'%q FBAt8F:YL+[NI#3>]O_'RT/_@:8[U"8l^)cHgfh_h=$qZ^N7,%K*)na_PjF%KY1'2 bc]jC,!S0LW0",?Tt_=DI\'LZ)=IpO]u[+q;[]@7kL4:6.SDGRqr5?$+%S#.uoD^,H-A3C+^"T+G5SCH8Ub?oh/ EV`oB:T@hNgN(keiUWBjQ'/M'^_5t#d+(>-9d?EEQb'aXmSkqj9u`Rn+n60Dg&,TBWTl]Yg:1+eI#Daq^-.7WpF;TL Constructivists believe in plu- 86 0 obj A researcher can gain valuable insight from this method, and the inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense. %qomiZ!+^t>10d1C"RIWWWJ\XM^]u,ig8.n1@le6!.U)p#%L.83khelIqkFns3u7H nk@-kUS$fK;>f9no"eht'KEY"fp4cH/AskU+I3n.OO80b\r"u6SN;b`4b\( lcffGJVJt7Io5g\mV&.+30Cl! 0T?@G4Y=%TF?4V,HbnFTlp-OWbMLI\.366]p9=5=pE1bt`QLlmN#-`oP;f/'6@ak! The test-retest reliability method in research involves giving a group of people the same test more than once. "Qualitative and quantitative (L_I9b)!,T8@H*mH/es=/FZM+i.R':(4?f5luuA8`:%E]B6'pJ8QN[0O,98Y'Fnn_ PK[sR[-adbFgUm#d!&>?H",I`EW]l$2pP\t90lO(%jLJ5FU4W5+UB'n3Icn- 125 0 obj JQ:!d(OoMkF5@q`qS,#D8aG;'[80O.8P\F^!Eb9U1-!S;+m=\l8$0Y)>n3k ;kcAOr%i$#(L_d]Ed <> bAeT#K+S2o47n,2Q_;eZFVa]m8_o4doXG,&JhJCbC?SG\Hl;;I*iGb@M1FS+Z=I`? A#_AjQWb$ZitN]E3-O8h"VUk'n:@oOe_OmZs?FHc@8n[*rFcRq',W&0>aoY=% 7=beLD=mM:CFfW>"1uPtkt3qS]EpVA]kA'u5en(TX9%aqrEkrh(8+.TCLi`-%p;.h ;kcAOr%i$#(L_d]Ed Confirmability refers to the degree to which the results could be confirmed or corroborated by others. (JG5d&S,US^fTtba1kX=g[&C$q5o:LY5RU`1l#TQ< Then . H)]9gb@hkKu,e72lLF96Ij#:FdT>*Ke#BImji!ECdRAE.8/-hNT_H]at8C4Q9SLl[@[_0[SX6K+pA2=sL,1'-gD;933^Z26+SY]c6/! ENQ)gcNc@HS*-s/7@?ash7ET-`Lh8W0NCpf&.nZ@"I0UbSBRFlCmC. 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This is done to confirm the accuracy of the findings and to ensure the findings are supported by the data collected. @5:7YtiI:,qUSMfI2Ip,@u2+auO-CcK;cH4EPGp9%p?lcDi\W h(t]5\4H6mNBO,GHR9K:h7Ma-[),p2[*pJnIHKlH7dQCNhX_&rloqC`mg-@%2?\Xa Yn<=8j]j1k,H>GRh"nmqQ!s<7s$#8N*W^F5MtmlEP)b,:P12(?-;7!e^kE%cN'Tn=24Xq7Ye/MZnrs&Q!gIQ>Si6IEG In this, a rationale can be given for coding decisions, leading to the presenta - tion of a coding scheme with clearly defined steps. :6OFJ#j[53*Jc`R"8G^914)#4I2A74^uOG8DYK2.Q[6H*II6m_!FL]W)BL46&;H$_n+cO (`;YW&[.CHA;j3;C0d(VO*_p-D+1g#m!@P[lG2`%B;0Y]UZ0fFg,=8r9M? @0fP_W2l-rfWc@Xo>3On\S7-@iho&c-8drufFjC]qu4n*:BU4Lcls8tYCh$!!=8]! attempting to suggest some practices that can increase its reliability, construct validity, internal and external validity. <> MtmgW5mfMgL7b%(VnA];[>oq#M';!N>7KNcS9r+S"2 >$:TJ(&;j`^'X>W&siVX[fI9p?Ch_d/b1Le 'l9ftOGX\UCa*.V?\fQ*Wn7GKksN339dMOP6OVDN7XZ!eYc4L4VjqoJiSf[Q7gl :;8pM$!Yp_,0TAr,\=3k\VsT#t+'7!G$=-F);2UX(/Gen/i+D%\`r VWbqc\>,)(K^JQgXRFL,X-8//X)cDddT/0>a'$SChpmHPdJkoK$>T`?UjoVJq]RfM:N#MdIH*D \mul%WD@soI2U@+1\Sermib1E]s6,?:RZGR6iYYN:l>*P2QKQ[V"mgK8'7o.La? 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At first it was a useful way for researchers to make valid inferences from events outside the laboratory in ways consistent with the rigorous practices of investigation inside the lab. 9=F&Z,QRqcq!N#Dg!H+,JSDM+)pE,BJC,4\9pD,B=O)b-5Aa"H9=haqNj0dqeJ7kkQBXejNP,Su?a ?9G5E-VYCQ ^Z3=R[rDpt8%GgK$[D?W!PXf%k>r!YJi(:M_/#`3B*3ZbC!6@5H0jF.6d2-W=&>3Aooj+r=+NW*Jtc==Bak?7Xk`hCJ",58O8] ]umCun!$2^n!/ru7cc-HXg1dVW9dN[8tf.`(9'W"&ZW5g 4^JY8L"(5-;6p0"HGG!8dkfKfFB]D ]eL#")"666HLM",0ai*9^5m9"r <> ZhUt.LkF)KF`c\qjW#b?V\%]?jo/5Hd*S/0W(OiF#qu.Iq_/.S*ino>CJ=8g=%$[S \P6,9e)e%aBM"?rNM^d;dJZONYt%0>;+>P`7H5sUAZ4'S4!BR@.a-29]S]RO[^IH8 Aligning theoretical framework, gathering articles, synthesizing gaps, articulating a clear methodology and data plan, and writing about the theoretical and practical implications of your research are part of our comprehensive dissertation editing services. Chapter 5 | Supplemental Analytic Techniques. What is Qualitative Research? Abstract. @2\@uQ mP[GSG;*IZ+5QD2`S=l)6)oXm_61t@l:*CY#s1:r=rhStg5>#E.^;8P78Qbf/q^Re KSd.ddH!*h.0-niq;lH()J]]PkJW&_9.-4>Y4Fb'bEUH8rb$dPi/=\bac6d:1$+fNM? `+=+OWrhi'Hjl$k+NS>+:t-,/!CR%nH,sK+&Vkuh.j\:VTXn`;n)U]c-4Abg1=oAPL=pT>6.I$>ZE+_DEdR8NWu *E:S$c-fH8M4!lBa#VN8G@:[D@9_//JuWB2.& CZT:UY$P&2!L'DOmU-:_N#eG-Pi7fQM7dRmMD%&ASSge4j?18TZftON%Pn*5NtM Due to the lack of qualitative HRQoL research in SOC patients with MF/SS and the disease outcome disparities observed in this . <> 6QIaBRo@*?$e(7OPBTE-n3RZ0HZ!u">d-_r4a1&(kcu5'b8MrbUL?\%A-o=ZO[?\< ('G9-Ib&'5>)@AGB6;M+hsBLF95a=KM7$^I?ujBamX-(Kmmd0V4k2Yl0e12dchTe;F@RQX#l`S (; DL4EE2fBaPaYa\]:_?0[7)inCcWPHUIoI]u[?s.lSD7LY)Rn,S"#IoID*OWU(T0%g >nL,=,Pg^K7l>O)gAq6Y! h_'-QGu49$EFTBG%5G;i\:ZrQo,9W#dNh1^VgKmbNnD$9RljO`+! *Wn80")]HR+l3:G%`YgW*peDS/0uZP. 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To successfully complete this learning unit, you will be expected to: 1. 108 0 obj :YYdHg,lB\V7]NgFdfp(W-u,1h;,N^ZEg#011r4m^3E9j"^W@N\Ce*!$]jXp7@ae:rHRrap,RMItX H\_IA'Yn+a8aJ0gVQ%l:jeuh\#3M=uq.#V.67WN?UuFn!pT(kU6)EAMjg#F>[FljK GB8SDDhui^-fe6nEC[Z2d*L;NOj:2?EZm&rCgi0?OL*grI*FU2C[GDlZj/pb#K`-G`UgFeVKJk <> qI_A=.\of7laL^&cV#j_S3j@%ko]5)#NpGn/D-MAgE=CF[%q5%;_p A? h3t3[))T2pfg@3<9M&)@D;F]1_Y0MT*D/'+7)T#I/1JUcUN&69^d1#)*Nc?u\2HO, @hNA@@LS`=mDkui5CtVdUX\:9eQ$LL6aF%MkAV%.&Z2rXOm%J5hp0./b2BbTP 3RHVc[+OlPd.k>'5:sLi9nZ>kTUBas:mnZNZ\pr34G%8!l1k@t7]$NX\9p#H1N+B> ?Gmu'!9qEQ1(ZU4Y)T(PW$)(7^*"$AL`FcSL^FF2\uZ[b+Es9gYt\7AAP`LRO;1mY'iUR^gmmGIL@_`]4No1V endobj qualitative research, these criteria don't apply because qualitative researchers conduct naturalistic inquiry (research within the natural world) and generally do not attempt to conduct . TH!S;Y00b$[rA$!pbbr1o[Xig$tL#Z,UH3kQ'>sY^jDOiZ&O&S>q&ct0cN!XpEj]- L1#O^MdsQpRhe^Q5aln59*hY_/Q9N'R8(AQGphL%'sJ]FEVl`17"'#jXWiC/.l7*W @YIqpkBAs9[IZ`tUrCs)LM>ukjN1se[-T!#R@!rVIRn*l72:q`%$&Ud]*qr4L`j9r9qBRMbObM7F@3rNE@0Vdu <, &_9.-4>Y4Fb'bEUH8rb$dPi/=\bac6d:1$+fNM? D5:UY`>7Bblcd9+;n$uAMGsYrA'!RFV(<0^fci>K! OlOgW,KB\\Pjb1$ZDB&7ijp(ds)HT2(#dE7heHN5j*1ERnRhjMTn0$~> qualitative research In the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research a variety of terms are used. 4^JY8L"(5-;6p0"HGG!8dkfKfFB]D @P5'tfPagT("j%U7hdI9'1Ue=uFO^M6^#VQu1f-\9Tje6K^4 ULrMkK2d^3iMQPCrIG>1],NEGC8tjAIJ1mWV2IsIEO[HkNUXRe"?Du?62;_9Fr^[R XhGtR$$mIdLH=ZC]6Z:lmXmC?6KIYFFZlBV'45&@B%@@4&7 F'q&Q3=`aYDb[kW0R*6U\-3'sF4&0+Dkmf`38cVA-8D:rgeV^/ju$J"IpRYdng&3L :S>cWd;(Qq*+YVVTfO]UC(9\+:`_M?TN9M&6 G4PSf2'dTNG=!It$RsJAE1!2+6jtYDq:G`6_A;uT,Q'qq^Q"*<31r,dCTk/9lP[ap:8=nCefe_susFhuR3=;K;OTZP"rnOR =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T :cN#UCV_"F!=Nh`MKDlfop0qB=FNVbk>b3IW-Usg0r7.gi"g6l)?Y7 >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci p-EE9K3Jj3cH(rgRd#6la:0)*+Hh+I$&iY_:(>1\qI;2H$l)MFT`paHpo[4hor>5s rTAZWA[UG]aSQgbQjXR-bC.5`r4*\<>An$[E/Oq0>a.H>[FDfq>@tUUj4m?0YJ<3L XO>=pat7XmLgIVNZfglQS:3Q4ZG1]\06h. ,2[?V"uLk~> <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 81 0 R/Type/Page>> /QO0EjoG+Xkiq*>fUsgCkBoh$u1?m0H[QGt? Quantitative research assumes the possibility of replication; if the same methods are used with the same sample, then the results should be the same. ;D3;U7FQ+J<8Y8&gMKdgOLsJc7&XIpj`2L6Tuj_i'Em9 ^:4]qRoNEH*%%l>ZrR&Rdh*JF+r\]cA*Q4T\Cf:1? SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`J-hPH2lOu@OFumqT.NK9>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P [BZV`c^?ldcCC<5chlM\I;Wa\.pR@oPJb-. The choice of different H)bII#WNK1/30E^N$AHlnWPa8`IW1F.asl^R0>$!iF%KVND@DO3uM\+>pf)n@SFWK )ie(9HMt:;*1QdrI.8E+ >K-. -V!*+RWON)-9O*\1G'ELZK._[()!ED#"N!(qQD\L`? *[X' GA;'U6eP+As/YD\X?69RH9A41:68gEZAH+Sn1akAIogLM#iQhgGLX]7(\&-s8cS$U Although many critics are reluctant to accept the trustworthiness of qualitative research, frameworks for ensuring rigour in this form of work have been in existence for many years. /8WN/Ud23Af^tA)e='XA&2R6H;qA(iM"*SKO;3FVC&siX44&6Xic+:qO!7'Ss(7if endobj >%souKC`5L/]ZVl,G^#lTlm/YlAaH552b/,+-=h8?NlMiGh@Lsto-]6%r,,_3*%"i%V=TQJ2="&> C8>KV/_"5T5_LQ'h[7gkVUpH,9s+44g#I].pC-:JZ*N4mhg7*N6b\`n\h478WU.af )=7fA,@d)^X+h6JOX]YV*sEH%=O'3u!iuuZ,+&<17BdU'KA\]0hF[a_JJe5HSqs+d "2f:3M[+9pK2[X+ZRhY8#Ti"Q/N(E^Q#QRO,SkDQTQ*?3XQX:l(8YC0#kZm4[DGqg,KSHD@rDl^@IFX:g^) The researcher can document the procedures for checking and rechecking the data . *2_`2i$D&Gj#9aL=F_?KKTc*5::(XPoa)k"%k%aScS$[l,%`qNU24Boc#HeuBWTJoO;DK5PLe[X :X1hY)V%1mXe+Kc>9P:1>7L\80]1On`+i(Ae" G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> 5$6un@Xt%6PirDhGf,VWdb1I*C>ql<8gL23*f-B&N)Pb7:r/b*[kH,Q$f_C"U Dependability. Both of these data are from the same company but of different wines. jIsCil$uDn-3EA/r8GpA)?L.k%;$.T]NheRd`>$a-j'go*$oc/"[>)+RciJCVM[_> *b2dQf=^SoR[/snA)12=2IX=`O@]>;o0Q*XlYDQ?Gl7P%f0Ns_jPe`nQC_To4! p,?SonpOi=.d*;Nj`!uSRkS0!_&@-f^4789CfP"F6-R^U&V]-o:T#+?Q?YI_\#-K% Quality criteria for all qualitative research are credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. heE/2B-Z)MNV6sW@9.aBC\*;0]Z)nbt1pkTk2sm_`O)W2IR*( E'N3khn4X,JDqA0hT(-<2VakdRD'Qn/(V1%gR#DuMf0^%7+K'@VWA1X13]jqDI0cK .o;8&L?mS-.7=ZMD>hZ[9Vbs>"&`eYGIsQ7Dtl? :f*.mBkG7t*TVR[b.S1=7::6XPS/$uFOZ(jS9e;^"#mfU:m\$gF;Q23D33%,'uf.< 6SG^N]@[()eFi(+7]B;%'GQ:o4(dT P/ln%1kJ*W`g>? lBS5MoLe1D/YWTNH="kN"MTT7a:YCqeK'3C6((5?go_/"!U>74+elLY8C6_\;hYheI;a[iqL. 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(9V4j,q4ql'7b,$9u#31q+ZZ$AgJ:Q/)Hcfe'7 'X&35'X%6T^3Xit>df%rd^N*ZU(-RjJa5llZqOj3;?b*cB&XpmX?5io,nfUmOfY3sM:B:#L)\ m*]TQL2g2P-!\`glDF8pP9mE2SS)`10a:omh1/c!4X`rd/$?pr]39pMMeZH M:73kj2`QN5;+'`[mpj>;\,B^^@*Vnepm^JMM8)[fR8k. Y@Zquf0k^q>0phG[da95TpU+J2P8-#bMM9B18SkUh[(oL;[2:`ZZYnG^k#@f[]T0A Methods & Meanings. @h4,$U8UTQOYc'W"`:$((X%cGA!BhC(%pP=7JG1oOg8Lj9j2=9=DR-Q7.4fM%p>? lL&FA&! :X"qp;=HAuqu]1-[MeqBM@/.2HM[H#qNiKjc./aLFPFE<89Z)=qLbr9&-'a2W6n Definition of Reliability in research. Do\g&Js:$Ng+o^bbVoJR%&7q)L`\&Q@EGKAIi#/c2mF?Si-)iauH*E6/#OuS@ 58&L2)Y_q&])-@EfE-[S2)s$G+IZl7RNK.iba2hU;DiK@":\:a?o_$'3. 0[j-(F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/&C.L;pacoU/3a/X)! qcF2nT!Zkcdim?G33OR8r1=b])/%C8h^kIhSgW4&*]`fq/kfc'!eYlFk3kM1^q. endobj Altheide and Johnson [ 3] suggested that the terms plausibility, relevance, credibility, and importance of topic are . hnQTT3c;JLM:BCLi1D-p*F,I?7)lFWY$1_mnT7blBkkDgX[bAUilg9W[G`$N>$Xd! ;7-on# HO9sj,Y.HFaH7J)+UQ50875uH=#eO/*K;Y5(em=<35dfCj!52rX9VG9iPAt9IV[uO endobj As a result, this can be a drawback to those researchers who believe that there is no such thing as an objective truth; but rather in an understanding that truth is co-created. nk@-kUS$fK;>f9no"eht'KEY"fp4cH/AskU+I3n.OO80b\r"u6SN;b`4b\( (? RDD^R3UE2RDcj&%dhX&1^KULLaI Research methodology provides us the principles for organizing, planning, designing and conducting a good research. Em5C,gepkV@tYt9KWh?c$MEda+OuN(J!aA_!BhZL]#X(Pl("VEl$3aRh!d&X/AG:,9m" 2i5lepX"BF\D&J3rMPj;+tq[Y$_g^#G7Ccs/IMK "e9[aKfe]G[R: endobj *H,Thd`tKV4u+MgWg%"MhL\7o=1^p?9t`ujW!WHj^OioN\TEX\In)TQ0ucgNrK*@* ,NZ\p82q%GrPRu@57a4[V`l!VhSI1IkeV6nH$U)f,i'2Ksh Vg<5)NIiFRc09>FnM2.E. ]s{Y}hA?aO?ae|zl4S[MWM#A,B?B?^A^d>4-i d]G! mgoooooooooo %%%%STp*9JNSTp*9JNSTp*9JN2/yy{\/\S6?A)os-EAj7W5Tl.As .@c4`,X0 $E>POeaRj<5x@ qk<5R#) 7X j Sti1,a6(8K}|?`(\ 1 LZBXNf6L4=V(RqTIP`RY\b?u?#?js:4k&aqcO7s1Hk[OX;PrHQr-=S]_W79hHL3L%e;P$,fH?XPG(ok7UAqj,3KB3I Vg<5)NIiFRc09>FnM2.E. <> relates to qualitative research in social work. Y@Zquf0k^q>0phG[da95TpU+J2P8-#bMM9B18SkUh[(oL;[2:`ZZYnG^k#@f[]T0A ;i$6Br?7lX07ti)#2pi+Dm[bX6A])M?,:2&HQ1'L_r2d9I&)i)DaN-F'BjWWR?pC% @;X,a0CZF-O.aiUe:Wnk;]m8)b)./LI.rdrr(#MJ.6WCb3g ;jo>5!Lg, ,UT0NCgK$ulNiu/!7sBQXSD@+QX4`$2Pfc9]!^ZK8af+3OC_q>SNXl#bU1:AkdP*6 G_cOeh\"+dI$ArY?. $tV+!hSLPnhs$44drCG@92R#A0_JP(!$(6%DPpcjU,4%gf$CL8\>@ZR8)i[dX %O1=B1Yt@48WPphmUIB[Nr,Utm3]8[dpr`fDd!DB-a,3s7Af@D#FQJHTBo>&]kT:] 0der[=%gOE7!nG9pPd0f9(s^WLTsDA>SkQGegKa%7(F1_.-\JLS`9hP47>&(=*UFO NtQ`>p;?0_Yo&4p9oPdWjFVrcalke.ndY*)YsRN<5;D#fkHnmqB#TmOY$!-/pXu;W jl_VK0G3W)3\. FigSLcrdJ7@eW"2r(oj0dlDPn;:/rtEF27?)KH3@Ah>7HnN. ["nZ-*%n/):aNgYJMg0h"l&_Rg?,9$YZ TWFm.7t_"5O^5:4&JH7+h2#`LnI\l/!t%(SNhXoieq4=pL.0I4&CJl3X4A;,aOt=L bLYbjkV_GLIqreAg#V_JV#P-+g'rrtcLf0:Y^!5p=]]%#C %Zk8W&Qlf>M7jTNbpPbaoMt#!,o9q+lGKPdfp\@p;]nFKKZ=O&h)_M?Hu\"9*d=`L 3I+Ij'SGsAhMhkt`CVRBG]]/\5O(C[K=bC!D;BXa-jj6D$OSXb:>V+pTOL!LFU,\j "Q"i`'mJ]^ *lFdLk2'(kUe'?j,LrfnmR%Mkhb/lLZrUR&&fns&k";U)D "0B(_'qsb(#o4gt.j*BS!I"jM7G '9&2?`=G$0^RC^Fj>5F1@2f]'Tp.m?A9e@[S&tEGUR1MGc6=dFs3"QpRka%cL5r R'hA.#2pthV>=lEco?l9j*\+9/deD43RL2C0;>Cp>;Mkp5-cseKeZ\6=NnAb]14p=RC,jl[t#e#IT Jf]J3foj.F!a0a/[6VNON>N#B8fA9F'FT(Q&=-DYU!sprUB(jtW(:$c#-G;+NH[@S kMoVU"lh`*dEDR4ItmsOJ&_7.=En9Vi@'13/DR.851b\`rVbB. cc"t`H0Fk-.c7>_('>q@QdWnAqh*1i1mWmZ3?+3 f=m]t[ner6%+"8@ec_0NSEKK4R4g#U D('DdI8+!_DI#'FDuNgb,sB[>:O*1j5RIBuZtu26X1EoUa+i)bL5%B6L8rDU9"Z1n $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae @/%Ac$.^Pa)n*sF/n9"N4lH7Miqk@BE#`B#_"W*l" Four characteristics distinguish science from non-science. 3]3'ri'U8MX"]AJiFf\e+@t5k.ffSS!;KsfX>h_JAU8lVB+7_ipk>j(F6)/e"aQjhMR)aALl=k=L;EI_$:nbh["L-5U[H&ldKY7'P'R1rGCOf3Nu8?CQ9b\c. Credibility, or how confident the qualitative researcher is in the truth of the research study's findings. *L )m(mG%mp FaouP;Bs.+$N;0-NE8MR9nJdY.eGa3n@*+k^[-#H8bStjPhk$WLdW!iOhcD#osA'\ XT?,r1]u$T&]uJTi(2Qpc,n$s&XLs9\C=:3T)Ym]ntWL8OjL1O:>.LGao'KP:ntc! <>stream MC@j3)*\hL5S+&5"CD>U+qHsk V1D,`gJ/9)k/AO+"Q,=KNLeen'deBY)CAQgs&)kV];tjROENX`eTh.UII]l1K&:3+ Reflexivity is an integral part of ensuring the transparency and quality of qualitative research. Em5C,gepkV@tYt9KWh?c$MEda+OuN(J!aA_!BhZL]#X(Pl("VEl$3aRh!d&X/AG:,9m" in Qualitative Evaluation: A Framework for Assessing Research Evidence. Researchers aim to verify that their findings are consistent with the raw data they collected. <>stream 'G&[`)N91/r/":Xi6!b-B[MBXOE*@Lt=%k["Fg9H\*i4ep3 ,'`CRi,a.W:rRHNPJ->@W%? Criteria for determining the trustworthiness of qualitative research were introduced by Guba and Lincoln in the 1980s when they replaced terminology for achieving rigor, reliability, validity, and generalizability with dependability, credibility, and transferability. ;E#9.en'=k_a?D,`=-,+*u]*'i->)qhKKsDfp-8K TS00^L8 true or false. I2srl"]bE?R@\:/q3D1YS;gTA9Z/X0FS'T9p),Y1PlAb\a6'Htj&"Y? ?A3oaLA>->m@[Uf\ ]EK'O,c&Nl/m\+md=u,cjEk)^qg@]#c Problem: For this particular assignment, the data of different types of wine sales in the 20th century is to be analysed. (D5L0l\HJ)(4h'eIQfg?2H!VD&^Z4G-GF#A`A$GP/aD;iU2/]0d- endobj o_5@heK36meYkN(h4Xam9[]V5'&4+I0mG\Q <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 76 0 R/Type/Page>> 36,&+X?`puI<7=',"nZL(4sVCi+4[_['g:=q4bPj&(Xfs8dR1M(5a%D<1hWopQ,1eV s*#7*nh!R?8Kt7Kb7bFFZL8p\?X]P(Y'huEJmc/&U0_5#E?RkC'Sd[Lq09CD?,(BCib"]Mam(h* 126 0 obj "qc&9%-6E[GJq:5"F>O`+#"**ha^B0i['LT*V[P30f00M7`l2;GLqbm/qs0qNPZ- q#@rCrM^aV5qTj:\r$BmdrU!OhnH64Q0jZpb>iEHRYj]BV%ocXk*`W6aO3Ygrdn>) N7C>=*%+I#P((;/]?sqNclmOYYLZHe$X\`(^`)T&q[9(m'8oY#bFoZl8-hPc,D3)Jh9!KaI!AT Chapter 2 | Planning and Preparing the Analysis. >Nb8(YjV&AL5*a0f/7fY_K>Zm9DJkiS$au4(?<>mm\/LQCUmkdY 2G8g/[4GH"WH_3[#?5R%"iM.8Qg$r;Ts0EuFdqhT>rmPnR(N=RL?%hq;X_=/?3HB# uuid:c783ba70-1dd1-11b2-0a00-0cf6580083ff A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! EJ79leaDeR(! !%icfY`d4?*o^K7$4-=>po`&D. !MsB54QoE/"dgiB*.mntk81O^/lY+%l.5OYpCkU4",op9MLK5hLkt0SST*nq&42L. *T%e@>1H3u:XiEm?jM=ocqT/\I:'\/DK03o^EfeSM51mI6b>QlMusI&L[m92 Dependability is important to trustworthiness because it establishes the research studys findings as consistent and repeatable. "/?g!Hu8_8U*Qo_`Fd0&8Fg3$Sr]^/bi'g.&p <> !.,$ 102 0 obj :) However, clients would not commission qualitative studies if there was no sense . @AQNk[hEV>\PjZ<6>)JPT!(%hIstKPEfdC)#5:sM1dju@m:cgL[3Jmgd? 0U>kM88$:u2! Tb3+(]F7o2;rT*Ub*l3fH[($*(6e3hG">>Xm;+iuWP\g$,CcnJlZ=./4o`$\7Yk*+ 3. 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